國立臺灣大學政治科學論叢

Abstract / Chinese PDF Download

Semi-presidentialism is a mixed form with the essences of parliamentary and presidential systems. The constitutional operation of semi-presidentialism thus may be similar to parliamentary (parliamentarized semi-presidentialism) or presidential (presidentialized semi-presidentialism) systems. Generally speaking, “parliamentarized semi-presidential” countries are mostly found in Europe, including Austria, Finland, Iceland, and Ireland. In addition, many post-communist countries are tending toward presidentialized semi-presidentialism or are unstable because of the keen competition between president and prime minister. But there are still a few post-communist countries in which the constitutional operation is tending toward a parliamentary system. Bulgaria is one example. Under semi-presidentialism, factors that affect constitutional operation include party politics and the president’s constitutional power. This paper examines constitutional operation in relation to party politics, the president’s power, and the relationship between president and prime minister. Bulgaria is developing into a parliamentarized semi-presidential system on the basis of a stable party politics, a president with limited power, and the prime minister as the party leader.