國立臺灣大學政治科學論叢

When the U. S. government proposed the Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government in 2009, it took policies of open data by storm around the world. The government of Taiwan also launched a policy related to open data in 2012 for the deployment of data in the creation of innovative public governance services. With the maturity of data science, extensive concepts and issues have been raised to develop the operable framework of the data ecosystem, such as “data transactions”, “data economy”, and “data marketplace”.

This research collects and integrates the data transaction operations across four countries (the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Singapore) and the European Union. We then analyze their promotional background, development trends, data marketplace policies, data pricing mechanisms, and the roles played by governments. With individual and group interviews, the authors also summarize the various opinions of 23 experts assembled from industrial, government and academic domains.

The study reveals significant differences in the data marketplace promotional models across the various nations. Naturally, at present, the promotion of data marketplaces lacks generally operable models, while the value of data itself is inseparable from the front-end services. Thus, it is ever more imperative that data platforms facilitate cooperation and coordination in their matching mechanisms among data users, value-added service developers and other stakeholders. As for data pricing, although it can be valued according to either economic or game models, there remains inherent difficulties in establishing common pricing and valuation criteria due to the diversity in the potential output value of data itself, and of the larger data application domains. In sum, the operation of data markets and platform still need to match the characteristics of the domains with the characteristics of their applications. This can be developed incrementally with an experimental and evolutionary approach.